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Expanding in-situ monitoring capabilities in photovoltaic modules
PhD - Genk | Just now
Beyond the Surface: Advancing Sensor Technologies for Photovoltaic Module Reliability
The deployment of energy systems such as photovoltaic (PV) modules has grown exponentially, with global installed capacity reaching approximately 2 TW in 2024. However, long-term reliability remains a critical concern, especially in harsh environmental conditions. Degradation rates can vary significantly depending on climate, with failure modes such as delamination, material discoloration, and corrosion contributing to reduced operational lifetimes. These issues are often linked to environmental stressors such as mechanical strain, temperature fluctuations, and moisture ingress.
Emerging technologies—including advanced cell architectures and novel materials—face additional challenges in meeting reliability standards under real-world conditions. Therefore, in-situ monitoring of environmental and mechanical parameters within PV modules is essential for predictive maintenance and lifetime extension.
At imo-imomec, sensor technologies such as Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) have previously been adapted for temperature and strain measurements within PV modules. Building on this foundation, the research aims to explore sensor-based solutions for real-time monitoring of critical parameters—including strain, temperature, and humidity—within encapsulated systems. The initial phase involves a comprehensive literature review to identify state-of-the-art sensor technologies (e.g. FBG, Fabry-Perot, quantum sensors) and suitable materials for integration. This includes evaluating sensor types, coatings, and embedding strategies compatible with PV modules. For example, FBG sensors with adequate coating can measure moisture absorption by variation of their optical properties due to the swelling of the coating, however the compatibility of the coating and the technique with the PV module’s materials and manufacturing should be examined.
Once promising approaches are identified, their compatibility with encapsulated environments will be assessed. Calibration of the sensing methods will be performed by comparing sensor outputs with reference measurements obtained through established characterization techniques (e.g., Karl Fischer titration for humidity), using materials with controlled exposure to environmental stressors.
The work will be conducted in the newly built laboratories at imec in EnergyVille, Genk, and also at Center for Microsystems (CMST, imec affiliated research lab experienced in microsystems, such as sensors), Gent, withing the Energy Systems, Wafer PV and CMST teams.
Required background: Good comprehension of scientific articles, good lab skills and material physics/engineering background are required. Knowledge on polymers, optical fibers and degradation mechanisms of PV modules will be a plus.
Type of work: 60% experimental, 20% simulation, 20% literature
Supervisor: Michael Daenen
Co-supervisor: Jeroen Missinne
Daily advisor: Nikoleta Kyranaki
The reference code for this position is 2026-200. Mention this reference code on your application form.