Lidar system for underwater sensing

Underwater LiDAR has emerged as a valuable complement to sonar and optical imaging for marine surveying, inspection, and autonomous navigation because it can provide millimeter- to centimeter-scale three-dimensional measurements with much higher spatial resolution than acoustic systems. LiDAR is particularly attractive in shallow waters, coastal zones, and infrastructure inspection tasks where fine geometric detail is required. Advances in green and blue laser sources, full-waveform processing, range-gated imaging, and more recently coherent FMCW techniques have expanded the operational envelope of underwater laser sensing, enabling improved performance in turbid environments.