6G electromagnetic field exposure assessment using digital twins

5^th and 6^th generation wireless networks use techniques as beamforming, massive antenna systems, distributed systems, and new spectrum bands to realize ubiquitous connectivity. The resulting radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic (EM) fields enable us with connectivity and wireless communication. However, people are exposed to the EM fields of these networks, and governments and the general public are worried about possible health effects when being exposed during long periods of time.

The new 6G networks will alter our everyday exposure to environmental RF-EMF. Smart-city networks are starting to apply RF-EMF monitoring of the radiation of these wireless communications using geographically distributed sensors, and applying the Internet-of-Things (IoT). Future 6G networks will utilize new frequency bands such as FR3 (frequency range 3: 7-24 GHz) and D-band (140 GHz), where vegetation can influence electromagnetic fields. Assessing downlink exposure from base stations and uplink exposure from devices and handsets are important for regulators (in view of compliance of worst-case exposure with existing limits) as well as for the general public (informing of real exposure values). Relevant research domains are:

• 3D modelling and digital twin of 6G networks in real cities and industry
• 3D modelling and digital twin of trees and plants for attenuation characterization and seasonal influence
• FR3 and D-band exposure assessment
• Advanced Sionna raytracing and minimization of 6G down and uplink exposure
• Experimental assessment of 6G electromagnetic fields
• Absorption assessment in the human body